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Manga Japanese · Day 2 of 15

Furigana

The reading printed above the kanji

Furigana is the reason manga is the best reading practice a beginner can get. It is the small kana printed alongside a kanji telling you how to read it, and where it appears you can read a word years before you can recognise the character. It also has one trap worth knowing about.

What it is and what it is called

Two names for the same thing, both worth knowing:

furigana
the reading printed beside a kanji
Literally sprinkled kana. The everyday word.
rubi
ruby text
The printing term, from a British type size called ruby. Used by editors and software.
sōgana
furigana on every kanji
What shōnen and shōjo magazines for younger readers use.
kanji ga yomenai.
I can't read the kanji.
Useful when asking someone for a reading.
Why it works

In vertical text furigana sits to the right of the character, and in horizontal text it sits above. That sounds trivial until you meet a page with both, and it explains why the columns of a manga page are spaced more widely than a novel's: the gap is there to hold the readings.

Who gets furigana

It is not a courtesy, it is aimed at a specific reader:

shōnen · shōjo
boys' and girls' manga
Furigana on every kanji, or nearly. The easiest place to start.
seinen · josei
manga for adult men and women
Furigana only on unusual readings, if at all. Much harder.
gakushū manga
educational manga
Full furigana, simple sentences, and often genuinely interesting.
kodomo-muke
aimed at children
The label to look for if you want the gentlest possible start.
Why it works

This is the single most useful buying rule in the course: check the demographic before the story. A seinen title you love will defeat you at N5, and a shōnen title you are lukewarm about will teach you to read. The furigana coverage, which you can see by flicking one page in a shop, matters more than the plot at this stage.

The furigana trap

What happens if you only read the small kana:

Meeting a word for the second time
Reading only furigana
tomodachi
Reading properly
tomodachi
If your eye goes straight to the kana, the kanji never gets learned and page two hundred is as slow as page one.
Building recognition
Reading only furigana
yomu
Reading properly
yomu
Look at the kanji first, guess, then check the furigana. That one habit turns reading into study.
Why it works

Furigana makes manga readable, and it also makes it possible to read a whole volume without learning a single character. The fix is small and deliberate: look at the kanji, try to read it, and use the furigana as the answer key rather than the text. Readers who do this pick up hundreds of characters passively; readers who do not can finish twenty volumes and still be unable to read a menu.

furigana · rubi
the reading printed beside a kanji
shōnen · seinen
manga for boys, manga for adult men
kanji ga yomenai.
I can't read the kanji.

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