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Manga Japanese · Day 1 of 15

How a page works

Right to left, and the order of everything on it

Open a Japanese manga for the first time and the book is back to front, the panels run the wrong way and the words are stacked vertically. None of it is guessable and all of it is fixed, so half an hour spent on the format buys you every book in the shop.

The direction of everything

Four rules, and they never change:

migi kara hidari e
right to left
Panels, bubbles and pages all run this way.
ue kara shita e
top to bottom
Within a row of panels, and within a column of text.
koma
a panel
Read the top right panel first, then leftwards, then down a row.
fukidashi
a speech bubble
Same order again: top right bubble first, within the panel.
Why it works

The two rules combine: start at the top right of the page and move left, then drop to the next row and start at the right again. It is the same path your eye takes across an English page, mirrored. If you find yourself reading a conversation that makes no sense, you are almost certainly reading the replies before the questions.

One page, in order

A short scene laid out the way the page prints it. The numbers are the order you read them, not anything printed on the page:

1 · top right
are, kagi ga nai.
Huh, my key's gone.
2 · top left
kaban no naka wa?
What about in your bag?
3 · middle right
sakki mita noni….
I saw it a minute ago…
4 · middle left
poketto wa?
Your pocket?
5 · bottom, wide
a'.
Oh.
Why it works

Notice that the wide panel at the bottom holds the punchline, and that it gets a whole row to itself. Panel size is timing: a big panel is a long beat, a row of small ones is fast back and forth. You are being told how quickly to read, and once you notice it you can feel the pacing of a page before you read a word of it.

Which way does the book open

How to tell before you buy:

migi-biraki
opens from the right
Japanese standard. The spine is on your right and you start at what an English reader calls the back.
hidari-biraki
opens from the left
Western books, and Japanese books set in horizontal text.
ura · omote
back and front
The cover with the barcode is the back, whichever end it is at.
kono hon wa migi kara yomimasu.
This book is read from the right.
Printed inside many English editions, on what looks like the last page.
Why it works

Most English language releases now keep the Japanese direction rather than mirroring the art, which is why they carry a stop, you are reading the wrong way page. Older translations flipped every page, which reversed the art and left every character right handed or left handed by accident. If you have read manga in English recently, you have already been reading right to left.

migi kara hidari e
right to left
koma · fukidashi
panel, speech bubble
kono hon wa migi kara yomimasu.
This book is read from the right.

Check yourself

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