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Daily lessons · Day 28 of 90

Directions, part two: landmarks

Follow and give directions in the street

Day 6 taught you to ask where something is. Today you learn to follow the answer, which is a harder and more useful skill. Japanese directions lean on landmarks rather than street names, because most Japanese streets do not have names, and understanding why makes the vocabulary much easier to remember.

The verbs of moving

Four verbs and you can follow almost any set of directions:

massugu itte kudasai.
Go straight on.
まっすぐ straight. て-form request from day 17.
migi ni magatte kudasai.
Turn right.
まがります to turn. に marks the direction turned into.
hidari ni magatte kudasai.
Turn left.
Same pattern, other side.
watatte kudasai.
Cross over.
わたります to cross, used for roads and bridges.
Why it works

Notice に with まがります: you turn into a direction, and Japanese marks that destination with に just as it does with いきます. The particle is doing the same job it did on day 6. Once you notice に marking where something is heading, a lot of movement verbs stop needing separate memorisation.

Landmarks

What Japanese directions are actually built from:

kōsaten o watatte, hidari desu.
Cross the junction, then it's on the left.
こうさてん junction. を with a place you pass through.
shingō no temae desu.
It's just before the traffic light.
しんごう traffic light, てまえ just this side of.
konbini no tonari desu.
It's next to the convenience store.
となり next to, from the position words on the grammar page.
eki no mae ni arimasu.
It's in front of the station.
まえ front, に marking where it exists.
Why it works

を with こうさてんを わたって is a use of を you have not met: not the object of an action, but the space passed through. It works the same way with はしを わたる, cross the bridge, and みちを あるく, walk along the road. If a verb involves moving through or along something, を marks it.

Checking you have understood

More useful than any amount of vocabulary:

aruite ikemasu ka.
Can I walk there?
Tells you whether you need a train.
dono kurai kakarimasu ka.
How long does it take?
かかります to take time or cost money.
koko kara tōi desu ka.
Is it far from here?
とおい far, ちかい near. から from, day 9.
chizu o kaite moraemasu ka.
Could you draw me a map?
もらえますか from day 19. People often will.
Why it works

ちずを かいて もらえますか is a genuinely good move. Japanese people asked for directions will very often draw a map without being asked, and asking for one turns a stream of speech you may not fully catch into a picture you can follow. It is not a failure to understand; it is the practical answer.

massugu itte kudasai.
Go straight on.
migi ni magatte kudasai.
Turn right.
dono kurai kakarimasu ka.
How long does it take?
chizu o kaite moraemasu ka.
Could you draw me a map?

Check yourself

8 questions. Nothing is saved unless you finish.