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Daily lessons · Day 17 of 90

Asking someone to do something

Make a polite request

So far you have asked for things. Today you ask people to do things, which needs the て-form, the most useful and most awkward piece of Japanese grammar at this level. Awkward because it is irregular; useful because a dozen later patterns are built on it. You are not going to master it today. You are going to meet it, learn six verbs in it, and start noticing it everywhere.

The pattern

て-form plus ください is a polite request:

matte kudasai.
Please wait.
From まちます. The single most useful one on this list.
mō ichido itte kudasai.
Please say that once more.
From いいます. Better than nodding when you have lost the thread.
yukkuri hanashite kudasai.
Please speak slowly.
From はなします. ゆっくり slowly, and worth having ready.
koko ni kaite kudasai.
Please write it here.
From かきます. に marks where the writing lands.
Why it works

Learn these as whole phrases first, not as a conjugation exercise. The て-form has real rules, but they depend on which of three verb groups a verb belongs to, and sorting verbs into groups is a day 45 job. For now, meeting six or seven verbs in their て-form gives you the sound of the pattern, and the rules land much more easily later on a base of examples you already recognise.

More requests you will need

Same pattern, different verbs:

misete kudasai.
Please show me.
From みせます. Useful in any shop.
tetsudatte kudasai.
Please help me.
From てつだいます. For carrying, lifting, finding.
takushī o yonde kudasai.
Please call a taxi.
From よびます, to call or summon.
sumimasen ga, matte kudasai.
Sorry, but please wait.
すみませんが in front softens any request.
Why it works

てください is a request, not a plea, and used flat at someone senior it can land like an instruction. The fix is small: put すみませんが in front. That が means but, and the unfinished politeness of it does the same softening work as ちょっと. Almost any request improves with it.

Asking permission instead

The same て-form, a different ending, and a much softer ask:

shashin o tottemo ii desu ka.
May I take a photo?
From とります. てもいいですか asks permission.
koko ni suwattemo ii desu ka.
May I sit here?
From すわります.
dōzo.
Go ahead.
The answer you want. Also used when handing something over.
Why it works

Notice the same て-form doing two different jobs: とって plus ください is a request, とって plus もいいですか is asking permission. This is why the form is worth the trouble. Every new pattern you meet from here that starts with a verb will almost certainly attach to this same て.

matte kudasai.
Please wait.
yukkuri hanashite kudasai.
Please speak slowly.
mō ichido itte kudasai.
Please say that once more.
shashin o tottemo ii desu ka.
May I take a photo?

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