Learn Japanese Online Hub

Japanese Numbers · Day 2 of 20

Eleven to ninety-nine

The building-block logic that makes 88 easy

From eleven to ninety-nine, Japanese is more regular than English. There is no word for eleven, twelve or twenty. There is only ten, and what you put in front of it and behind it. Once you see the pattern you can produce every number in this range without learning a single new word.

Above ten, add behind

Ten, then the digit. Nothing else changes:

11
jū-ichi
ten one
12
jū-ni
ten two
15
jū-go
ten five
17
jū-nana
ten seven
19
jū-kyū
ten nine
Why it works

English hides this logic behind irregular words: eleven, twelve, thirteen. Japanese does not hide it at all, so this range is genuinely easier than it is in your own language. If you can count to ten you can already count to nineteen.

Multiples of ten, add in front

The digit, then ten:

20
ni-jū
two tens
30
san-jū
three tens
40
yon-jū
four tens
70
nana-jū
seven tens
90
kyū-jū
nine tens
88
hachi-jū-hachi
eight tens eight
Why it works

Both halves at once gives you every number to ninety-nine. 88 is はちじゅうはち, literally eight-ten-eight, and you did not have to learn a word for eighty. Note that 40, 70 and 90 use よん, なな and きゅう here, which is the day one rule holding.

The two mistakes people make

Both come from translating English word order:

Twenty
Not this
jū-ni
This
ni-jū
じゅうに is twelve. にじゅう is twenty. The order is the whole meaning, and getting it backwards is the classic slip.
One hundred
Not this
ichi-jū-jū
This
hyaku
The pattern stops at 99. A hundred is its own word, which is day three.
Why it works

The first pair is worth drilling until it is automatic, because in a shop the difference between twelve and twenty is real money. A useful trick while you are learning: say the number in English in Japanese order first. Twenty is two-ten, twelve is ten-two. Then the Japanese falls out on its own.

jū-ichi
11
ni-jū
20
yon · nana · kyū
the safe readings for 4, 7, 9

Check yourself

8 questions. Nothing is saved unless you finish.