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Anime Japanese · Day 2 of 15

The contractions you have to hear

The sounds that swallow whole words

This is the lesson that turns anime from noise into language. Spoken Japanese swallows syllables in a small number of regular ways, and once you know the six or seven that matter you will suddenly catch lines you have heard a hundred times. None of this is slang: it is ordinary speech, spoken at speed.

What you hear, and what it is

Each line on the left is the same sentence as the one on the right, said quickly:

What are you doing?
You hear
nani shiten no?
It is
nani o shite iru no?
ている becomes てる, and てるの becomes てんの. Two shortcuts in one word.
I don't know
You hear
wakannai.
It is
wakaranai.
ら between vowels often collapses to ん. Also つまんない from つまらない.
That's amazing
You hear
sugē!
It is
sugoi!
An い-adjective ending in あい or おい flattens to ええ. やばい gives やべー, たかい gives たけー.
I've got to go
You hear
ikanakya.
It is
ikanakereba naranai.
なければ becomes なきゃ, and the rest of the sentence is simply dropped.
Why it works

These are not four separate facts. They are the same process: Japanese spoken quickly drops or merges the sounds that are hardest to say in sequence, and it does so in regular, predictable ways. If a word sounds like nothing you know, try lengthening it back out before you decide it is new vocabulary.

The shortcuts worth learning first

In rough order of how often they appear:

nani shiteru?
What are you doing?
ている → てる. The most common contraction in the language.
wasurechatta.
I forgot.
てしまった → ちゃった. From day 54 of the daily lessons.
yattoku ne.
I'll get it done.
ておく → とく. Doing something in advance.
dō shitan da?
What's wrong?
のだ → んだ. The explanatory の, contracted.
sō ssu.
Yeah, that's right.
です → っす. Very casual, and common from young men.
Why it works

ています, てしまう and ておく are all things you have met in their full form. Their contracted versions are not new grammar, they are the same grammar spoken at normal speed, which is why a learner who knows the textbook forms can still fail to hear them. Say each pair aloud back to back until the short one sounds like the long one.

Sounds that vanish

Three patterns that account for most of the rest:

ra → n
わからない becomes わかんない
Also しらない to しんない, つまらない to つまんない.
ai · oi → ē
すごい becomes すげー
Chiefly male speech, and strongly casual.
tewa · dewa → cha · ja
たべては だめ becomes たべちゃ だめ
Day 39 of the daily lessons met the long version.
to iu → tte
なんという becomes なんて
って also replaces は and を in fast speech.
Why it works

って deserves special attention because it does several jobs at once: it quotes, it topicalises, and it replaces という. When you hear a って you cannot place, try reading it as either a quotation mark or a は and one of the two usually works.

nani shiteru?
What are you doing?
wasurechatta.
I forgot.
wakannai.
I don't know.
ikanakya.
I've got to go.

Check yourself

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