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Grammar · Particles

や, and, among others

The pattern

[A] ya [B] (nado)

や joins nouns like と, but signals that the list is a sample rather than the whole thing. Often finished with など, 'and so on'.

The mistake to avoid

If you say と you are claiming that is everything. や leaves the door open.

Examples

Rōmaji help
pan ya tamago nado o kaimasu.
I will buy bread, eggs and so on.
tsukue no ue ni pen ya hon ga arimasu.
There are pens, books and so on on the desk.
kyōto ya nara ni ikimashita.
I went to places like Kyoto and Nara.
niku ya yasai o tabemasu.
I eat meat, vegetables and so on.