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Grammar · Particles

が, the subject marker

The pattern

[Subject] ga [verb / adjective]

が marks the subject, and it points at new information: the thing the listener did not already know. It is also required with あります, います, すき, きらい, じょうず and ほしい.

The mistake to avoid

English says 'I like cats', so learners reach for を. In Japanese the cat is the subject of the liking, so it takes が.

Examples

Rōmaji help
inu ga imasu.
There is a dog.
neko ga suki desu.
I like cats.
ame ga futte imasu.
It is raining.
watashi wa atama ga itai desu.
I have a headache.